Mitigation of aflatoxin M1 in milk by the magnetized Fe₃O₄ lactic acid bacteria cells: a response surface methodology (RSM) study

The current work aimed to optimise aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) removal from milk by magnetic inactivated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) adsorbent using response surface methodology (RSM). In this research, the ability of 5 strains LAB was evaluated for AFM1 removal. Lactobacillus rhamnosus, which indicated highest adsorption efficiency compared other (p < 0.05), selected. obtained modified Fe3O4 particles generation adsorbent, further characterised Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission and vibrating sample magnetometer. results that L. rhamnosus cells were successfully functionalised particles. A central composite design (CCD) applied investigate effect variables including time (5–125 min), temperature (3–23°C), initial concentration (0.1–2.1 μg L-1), fat (0–3.6%) on synthesised adsorbent. According RSM model, optimal conditions second-order model observed at 73.60 min, 17.82°C, 1.598 µg L−1, content 0.9% leading maximum 56.92%. Hence, approach can be an efficient easy-to-separate in removing milk. main functional groups involved carboxyl, amide, hydroxyl/amino groups. Moreover, had superparamagnetic behaviour could rapidly separated aqueous solutions. conclusion, study presented a novel method improve safety figures